Ambiguity in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay -- Young Goodman Br

Ambiguity in Young Goodman Brown Peter Conn in Finding a Voice in an New Nation makes a statement regarding Hawthornes ambiguity Almost all of Hawthornes finest stories are unlike in time or place. The glare of contemporary reality immobillized his imagination. He required shadows and half-light, and he sought a nervous equilibrium in ambiguity (82). There is considerable ambiguity in Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown, and this essay will examine this and its causes. R. W. B. Lewis in The Return into Rime Hawthorne mentions the ambiguity associated with the key imagination in Young Goodman Brown For Hawthorne, the forest was neither the proper home of the admirable Adam, as with Cooper nor was it the hideout of the malevolent adversary. . . . It was the ambiguous setting of righteous choice. . . . (74-75). Henry James in Hawthorne, when discussing Young Goodman Brown mentions how allegorical Hawthorne is, and how it is not clearly expressed with this author The only c ases in which it is endurable is when it is extremely spontaneous, when the doctrine of analogy presents itself with eager promptitude. When it shows signs of having been groped and raped for, the needful illusion is of course absent, and the failure complete. Then the machinery alone is visible and the end to which it operates becomes a matter of indifference (50). When one has to grope for, and fumble for, the meaning of a tale, then there is failure in the work, as Henry James says. This unfortunately is the case of Young Goodman Brown. It is so ambiguous in so many occasions in the tale that a blur rather than a distinct image forms in the mind of the reader. The Norton Anthology Amer... ... Lang, H.J.. How Ambiguous Is Hawthorne. In Hawthorne A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966. Lewis, R. W. B. The Return into Time Hawthorne. In Hawthorne A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliff s, NJ Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966. Martin, Terence. Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York Twayne Publishers Inc., 1965. Melville, Hermann. Hawthorne and His Mosses. In The Norton Anthology American Literature, edited by Baym et al. New York W.W. Norton and Co., 1995. Nathaniel Hawthorne. The Norton Anthology American Literature, edited by Baym et al. New York W.W. Norton and Co., 1995. Wagenknecht, Edward. Nathaniel Hawthorne The Man, His Tales and Romances. New York Continuum Publishing Co., 1989.

Women in the Quran :: A Level Essays

Women in the QuranThe traditions of Islam revolve around the blessed denominations of Muhammad revealed to him by means of Allah. These revelations guide Islamics through non only the minute of worship, but also through a lifestyle strictly designated in the words of the Quran. Those who criticize Moslem customs a lot accuse the Quran of attempting to govern orderliness under prehistoric law. This holy book dates back to the lifetime of the prophet Muhammad in the 7th centuries Clearly measure select changed yet many Islamic customs have not evolved through time. One of the most controversial topics in Islam today addresses womens issues. Popular American culture portrays Islamic women as veiled and silenced figures living in a world of submission. Feminist groups in the United States focus on Muslim women and attempt to liberate the bulletproof hold of Islamic tradition on womens freedom. Over 900 million Muslims continue to worship Allah worldwide. Islam continues to thr ive as unrivalled of the major monotheistic religions across cultures and the followers of Islam respect and defend the words and customs laid out in the Quran.Quran TextWord woman utilize only 18 times in the Quran, usually in reference to what she will contribute to a family or what her duties be as a wife, her roles are defined vividly when the word woman is used. From The Cow 2.221 And do not marry the idolatresses until they believe, and certainly a believing maid is better than an idolatress woman, even though she should entertain you and do not give (believing women) in marriage to idolaters until they believe, and certainly a believing servant is better than an idolater, even though he should please you these invite to the fire, and Allah invites to the garden and to benevolence by His will, and makes clear His communications to men, that they may be mindful.From The Family of Imran 3.35 When a woman of Imran said My Lord Surely I order to Thee what is in my womb, to be abandoned (to Thy service) accept therefore from me, surely Thou art the Hearing, the Knowing.The word man is used 304 times, and it most often used to depict the human experience of work, economical status, and interactions with Allah. From The Cow 2.184 For a certain number of years but whoever among you is sick or on a journey, then (he shall fast) a (like) number of other days and those who are not able to do it may effect a redemption by feeding a piteous man so whoever does superb spontaneously it is better for him and that you fast is better for you if you know.Women in the Quran A Level EssaysWomen in the QuranThe traditions of Islam revolve around the blessed words of Muhammad revealed to him through Allah. These revelations guide Muslims through not only the act of worship, but also through a lifestyle strictly designated in the words of the Quran. Those who criticize Islamic customs often accuse the Quran of attempting to govern society under prehistoric law. This holy book dates back to the lifetime of the prophet Muhammad in the 7th centuries Clearly times have changed yet many Islamic customs have not evolved through time. One of the most controversial topics in Islam today addresses womens issues. Popular American culture portrays Islamic women as veiled and silenced figures living in a world of submission. Feminist groups in the United States focus on Muslim women and attempt to liberate the strong hold of Islamic tradition on womens freedom. Over 900 million Muslims continue to worship Allah worldwide. Islam continues to thrive as one of the major monotheistic religions across cultures and the followers of Islam respect and defend the words and customs laid out in the Quran.Quran TextWord woman used only 18 times in the Quran, usually in reference to what she will contribute to a family or what her duties are as a wife, her roles are defined vividly when the word woman is used. From The Cow 2.221 And do not marry the idolatresses until they believe, and certainly a believing maid is better than an idolatress woman, even though she should please you and do not give (believing women) in marriage to idolaters until they believe, and certainly a believing servant is better than an idolater, even though he should please you these invite to the fire, and Allah invites to the garden and to forgiveness by His will, and makes clear His communications to men, that they may be mindful.From The Family of Imran 3.35 When a woman of Imran said My Lord Surely I vow to Thee what is in my womb, to be devoted (to Thy service) accept therefore from me, surely Thou art the Hearing, the Knowing.The word man is used 304 times, and it most often used to describe the human experience of work, economic status, and interactions with Allah. From The Cow 2.184 For a certain number of days but whoever among you is sick or on a journey, then (he shall fast) a (like) number of other days and those who are not able to do it may effect a re demption by feeding a poor man so whoever does good spontaneously it is better for him and that you fast is better for you if you know.

Heart Of Darkness :: essays research papers

Heart of Darkness&9&9Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad is a fictional newfangled with an overflow of symbolism. Throughout the entire novel Conrad uses a plethora of simple colors, objects, and places in order to clarify very complex meanings. By doing this, Conrad is able to lure the reader into a world unconnected his or her own the Congo River, located in central Africa. Although the interpretation of these symbols is so elaborate, the simplicity of each makes it somewhat easy to overlook. A few examples of the many symbols found in Conrads novel include the jungle, as well as the colors of white and black, better known as the colors of aliveness and death. &9&9In Heart of Darkness, the images of black and white have the usual connotations of evil and good. These pigments are found throughout the entire book. Ironically, although black, the native Africans have the appearance _or_ semblance to represent a sort of good by doing what they feel is right. On the other hand, the white foreigners carry themselves with some kind of evil as they endeavor the great kindness of the blacks. I guess you could say that the white men were filled with a black hatred inside. Another example is found when Marlow enters the Belgian companys office. Sitting in the office are two women dressed almost completely in black. Marlow is no beginning to understand the earnestness of the journey he is going to make. Even his predecessor dies because of a quarrel over two black hens. The usage of black is almost too some(prenominal) to handle. Another example that I alsoremembered from the movie was how Kurtzs pictures were always placed within a dark ebony back round. Another humorous example is the continued description of the white ivory. Its beautiful white shine makes it look righteous, even though it really demonstrates a great evil as the elephants were being destroyed along with other people.&9Other colors were of importance as well to truly understand the symbolic nat ure of the story. The tartan patches and trimmings on the Russians harlequin clothes portray his ever-changing moods and foolish, light-hearted behavior. By simply using a description of clothing, Conrad is able to introduce us how he tends to stay out of trouble with his befriending nature. The color yellow will usually symbolize some sort of corruption or decay. We rootage read about yellow as it marks the area of Congo on the map in the Brussels office.

To What Extent Was Jacksonian Democracy Democratic? Essays -- History

To What Extent Was capital of Mississippiian Democracy Democratic?During the administration of Andrew Jackson, the United States was a people of change both government all in ally and socially. American society was a society of opportunity. Americans felt that, given a chance, they could make a better life for themselves. This was the era of the common people, the era of democracy. Andrew Jackson appealed to the American people because he stood for values m any(prenominal) regarded with favor. However democratic Jackson may seem, he was more tyrant-like than any of his predecessors. His major offerings to the nation included majority rule and a popular presidency, however offered no benefits to women, African Americans, nor primordial Americans. Jacksonian Democracy was in no way democratic. Before Jacksons time, voters expected public officials to use their own best judgment in electing. Under Jacksonian Democracy, the people came to believe that officials should act harmonise to the demands of the people. To make judicature respond more directly to the popular will, state and local governments began to fill some positions such as judges, constables, and public surveyors by choice rather than appointment. The terms of office were also shortened so that popular opinion had a more direct effect on the actions of elected officials. Thus, the government under Jackson became the peoples government, although he retained a tight grasp, using his veto often.As spic-and-span voters made demands on government, they learned the power of political organization. National issues became as much topics of conversation as local issues had always been. As national parties built stronger state and local ties, they began to rely upon a growth number of professional politicians. These changes helped to initiate the spoils system. This practice of appointing people to government positions based on party loyalty and party service was not an entirely new development, but Jac kson was the first to oust large numbers of government employees in order to appoint his followers to office. He argued that there should be a rotation in office. Some believed that the spoils system set a poor precedent. Jackson amplified presidential power by using the veto more than all previous presidents. On the Womens Rights issue, Jacksonian Democracy did nothing to further the female cause. Only in sparse st... ...ur government was built, the Constitution. He completely disregarded marshals decree and sent the army in to force the Indians from their native homes in Georgia. This disgusting display of the broad sword of government is a cheapen to our nations legacy. Tocqueville, a foreigner, came to the United States to study American prison reform, but was so disgusted with the way our society was and how our government functioned under Jackson that he changed the focus of his study to an analysis of democracy. He saw democracy by our example as far from accomplishing all it projects with skill and that Democracy does not give people the most skillful government. Jacksons example of democracy was horrible.Jacksonian Democracy seems to be a zeugma, two contrasting things puzzle together to make a comparison. Andrew Jackson never had any intention of broadening our democracy, only to make his ends meet. Through the way he treated Native Americans, African Americans, women, and many other minority groups, Jackson showed his ignorance in fulfilling one of the most pressing tasks of the president, to represent the people. To no extent was Jacksonian Democracy democratic.

A Multidisciplinary Approach to Patient Care Essay -- Nursing, Health

The goal for nurses as a profession is not only to be longanimous advocates but also assist the patient to learn and pee the necessary skills to pass on the best level of functioning for the patient based on their current illness. In order to help a patient achieve their optimal level of functioning the nurse must work with the patient and the interdisciplinary team to create a collaborative plan that is logical for the patient. through and through examining a musculoskeletal disorder case study 35 from Preusser (2008), one advise create a critical pathway for the patient, S.P. a 75 stratum old female, with severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and admitted to the orthopedic ward for a hip fracture status post fall (p. 183). Since the patients needs is ludicrous and complex the nurse must tailor a plan with the patient which will include assessments, consultations, treatments, lifestyle changes, disease education in order for the patient have the most appropriate evidence-based care and make informed decisions when it is necessary (Oliver, 2006, p. 28). The aim for the nurse caring for the S.P. is to help prepare the patient for an upcoming bit and focus care to the patient by gathering necessary information about her while. Collaboration with the patient, family members, rehabilitation, medical and surgical team about the treatment plans can help us provide proper patients care by utilizing actions and interventions within the scope and standards of the nursing practice. This Preusser (2008) case study involves a 75 year old female, S.P., who fell at home and is admitted to the orthopedic ward for an intracapsular fracture of the hip at the femoral neck (p. 183). Assessment data includes her extremum is 53, weight is 118 lbs, blood pressure... ...National Association of Orthopedic Nurses. (2009). Total hip replacement. Retrieved from http//www.orthonurse.org/ResearchandPractice/PatientEducation/tabid/490/Default.aspxOliver, S. (2006). Benefits of patient pathways in rheumatoid arthritis care. Nursing Times. 102 (16), 28-33. Retrieved from http//www.nursingtimes.net/nursing-practice-clinical-research/benefits-of-patient-pathways-in-rheumatoid-arthritis-care/203268.articleOliver, S. (2009). Understanding the needs of former(a) people with rheumatoid arthritis the role of the community nurse. Nursing Older People, 21(9), 30-38.Preusser, B. (2008). 4th Ed. Winningham and Preussers critical thinking in nursing Medical-surgical, pediatric, maternity, and psychiatric case studies. radical York Elsevier/Mosby Inc.Wilkinson, J. M. (2011). 5th Ed. The Nursing process and critical thinking. Prentice Hall.

A Multidisciplinary Approach to Patient Care Essay -- Nursing, Health

The goal for nurses as a profession is not only to be unhurried advocates but also assist the long-suffering to learn and gain the necessary skills to achieve the best level of functioning for the patient based on their current illness. In order to help a patient achieve their optimal level of functioning the nurse must work with the patient and the interdisciplinary team to create a collaborative computer programme that is logical for the patient. Through examining a musculoskeletal disorder case hire 35 from Preusser (2008), one can create a critical pathway for the patient, S.P. a 75 year old female, with severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and admitted to the orthopedic ward for a hip fracture status post fall (p. 183). Since the patients needs is unique and complex the nurse must tailor a plan with the patient which will include assessments, consultations, treatments, lifestyle changes, disease education in order for the patient have the most appropriate evidence-based care and make informed decisions when it is necessary (Oliver, 2006, p. 28). The aim for the nurse caring for the S.P. is to help prepare the patient for an upcoming procedure and focus care to the patient by gathering necessary information or so her while. Collaboration with the patient, family members, rehabilitation, medical and surgical team about the treatment plans can help us provide proper patients care by utilizing actions and interventions within the scope and standards of the nursing practice. This Preusser (2008) case study involves a 75 year old female, S.P., who fell at home and is admitted to the orthopedic ward for an intracapsular fracture of the hip at the femoral neck (p. 183). sound judgment data includes her height is 53, weight is 118 lbs, blood pressure... ...National Association of Orthopedic Nurses. (2009). Total hip replacement. Retrieved from http//www.orthonurse.org/ResearchandPractice/PatientEducation/tabid/490/Default.aspxOliver, S. (2006). Benefits of pati ent pathways in rheumatoid arthritis care. Nursing Times. 102 (16), 28-33. Retrieved from http//www.nursingtimes.net/nursing-practice-clinical-research/benefits-of-patient-pathways-in-rheumatoid-arthritis-care/203268.articleOliver, S. (2009). disposition the needs of older people with rheumatoid arthritis the role of the community nurse. Nursing Older People, 21(9), 30-38.Preusser, B. (2008). 4th Ed. Winningham and Preussers critical thinking in nursing Medical-surgical, pediatric, maternity, and psychiatrical case studies. New York Elsevier/Mosby Inc.Wilkinson, J. M. (2011). 5th Ed. The Nursing process and critical thinking. Prentice Hall.

A short story by Nadine Gordimer

This short story, by Nadine Gordimer, overall, speaks on the deep-seethed racial tension that influenced the individuals in this story. In essence it is ab egress a presumably uninfected womanhood be mugged by an equally presumable black male (Gordimer is from entropy Africa and frequently wrote about racial tension). The tension in this story is so saturating that it even manages to conquer the language, imagery, and actions of the two people involved. The first paragraph reads, It was a cool grey morning and the air was like smoke.In that reversal of the elements that sometimes takes place, the grey, soft, dense sky moved like the sea on a silent day. In the genuinely first sentence it is established that there is a smoggy, perchance suffocating quality in the air. Smoke is a hazardous, cancer causing gas that is also an agent of concealment these attributes can also apply to the set up of apartheid. Like cancer, racial tension spread rampantly through South Africa and co ncealed a persons character by his skin color. even off in the morning the air was like smoke as if to al about say, no matter how early you wake up racial tension is prevalent.In the very next sentence, it is stated that a reversal of elements has taken place which foreshadows a reversal of sorts in the later part of the story in which the woman becomes a victim. As she walks by the man her concentration is directed towards the scent of fade needles that were formerly held in her hand. A thudding is heard and the man appears unexpectedly pant in her face. This sequence of events inspires another theme in the storyfear. A fear of the unknown is evident early in the story, if only subtly, and evolves into an overwhelming consciousness of dread.As the woman first notices the red-capped figure in the distance, she inexplicably switches her bag and parcel from one arm to the other. This is a common defense mechanism for women fearing a hold up from a perceived source or to only wh en add a sense of security. Later, as she nears the figure on the path, she grabs a little sheath of pine needlesand as she walked she ran them against her thumb. An innocuous action that seems to hold her attention until the visage of the man steals it away.After passing the now weary, raggedy man, she realizes that the pine needles were no longer in her hand (she doesnt know when this happened which would lead to the conclusion that she was transfixed on the man when the needles were dropped). The woman then decides to sniff her hand in order to remember what the needles smelled like in order to compare them to a similar scent from her childhood. The pine needles, which leave a residue on her fingers, leaves the woman with a need to wash them for, Unless her work force were quite clean, she could not lose consciousness of them, they obtruded upon her.By being keen on washing her hands, she would no longer be wary of the figure in which she passed and therefore relinquish her cau tion. This sets up the next dig as just when the woman decides to let her mind linger on her hands, the man makes his move. and then he was there in front of her, so startling, so utterly unexpected, panting right into her face. He stood dead still and she stood dead still. Every vestige of control, of sense, of thought, went out of her as a room plunges into dark at the failure of power and she found herself whimpering like an idiot or a child. Animal sounds came out of her throat.She gibbered. For a moment it was Fear itself that had her by the arms, the legs, the throat not fear of the man, of any single menace he might present, but Fear, absolute, abstract. If the earth had opened up in fire at her feet, if a wild beast had opened its terrible mouth to receive her, she could not have been reduced to less than she was now. It is expressly stated that she did not fear the man, so why does Fear present itself only when he bounds to her? Such terror is realized when preconceived n otions of split up barriers are shattered unexpectedly and whats to come next remains a mystery.The language changes to reflect the horror that the woman experiences in this moment. She does not simply stand still but dead still, a simile is used to express the fleeting feelings of control, and animal (inhuman) sounds are produced from her throat. Fear also becomes personified by being made a proper noun and entangling her in its grip. Throughout the story the man is made to seem opposite of the woman. As the woman in the story is traveling along a path, she spots a figure (a native) with a red cap.Upon reaching the man, by following the path, it is expressed that his trouser leg is snap off, revealing the peculiarly dead, powdery black of cold (the effects of the weather on his cracked skin) his eyes are also red and he smells of sweat. When the coming upon occurs, his depiction of something different from her becomes more pronounced. His foot is stated to be cracked from ment al picture until it looked like broken wood, his face is sullen, voice is deep and hoarse, and he has a pink injury on his skin. Such a distinct contrast with the woman is made to emphasize the cause of the tension.After the woman escapes, she desperately runs from the scene in order to get back on the road. The language that follows gives a sense of one escaping a foreign world, And she was out. She was on the road. She could hear a faint hum, as of life Her once encompassing fear has now eased slightly and the cause seems to be her flight from the velds and brush. The setting of where the native resided and where the woman wants to go are also contrasts that make-up the difference between the two and only add to the foreignness of the encounter.The last two paragraphs of the story are most interesting in that after the tussle, the woman decides, after some deliberation, that she would not tell anyone of what just happened. why did I fight, she thought suddenly. What did I fight fo r? Why didnt I give him the money and let him go? Perhaps she felt pity for the man? He was obviously poor and tired with severe exposure to the elements His red eyes, and the smell and those cracks in his feet, fissures, erosion.Perhaps her story would appear shady to the people she told, She thought of the woman coming to the door, of the explanations, of the womans face, and the police. It is evident from her preceding behavior that a mugging was in the realm of possibility, and from the mans appearance it was also evident that such an action was not beneath him. The woman doesnt tell anyone of her encounter because of the social difference between the two. At the end of the day, the woman can most likely replenish her lost items but, from the description of the man, his natural selection could have been at stake if he didnt acquire assets or funds.The is described walking down the road, like an invalid, because she was robbed and such an occurrence leaves a fag feeling but she realizes that she must move on, signified by her picking the blackjacks from her stockings. Is There Nowhere Else Where We Can Meet? is a unique title, firstly in its use of nowhere instead of anywhere and secondly, that the meeting between the two characters in the story is an undesirable one because of the racial tension in South Africa. Had these two people met in a different country things might have been different.

The Key Factors on the Development of Outdoor Adventure.

The key factors on the development of outdoor(prenominal) adventure. 1932 The mass trespass On Sunday 24th April 1932 around five snow ramblers trespassed in on Kinder Scout, this led to legislation in 1949 to establish the National putting surfaces and to walkers rights oer open country and common land in 2000. The close there was a mass trespass was beca subprogram gamekeepers that owned the land that the ramblers wanted to walk on said they couldnt, and because of the lack of progress that had been made by the authorised ramblers federations for the Right to Roam the mass trespass was organised.The idea was to protest about the lack of rag. The land was bad farming land and was used to graze sheep or to keep game birds and was only worked on around 12 days a year, the rest of the time it would make up been deserted and walkers werent allowed on it. The mass trespassers demanded change, they wanted the land to be opened so when it wasnt being worked on people could walk on it. Of the 150,000 acres of land in the Peak District only 1,200 acres, had public access and there were only 12 legal paths to choose from, this meant that with the growing popularity of walking the paths were often crowded.If any of the walkers wandered off the paths (which some(prenominal) did, to find somewhere quieter) it was trespassing and they were chased off the land. Many walkers believed it wasnt right that people should acquit land as private and access should be available to everyone. So people set out on the mass trespass as a protest against land owners, nonhing other than arrests happened immediately, simply 17 years later the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 legislation came in.And if it wasnt for the mass trespass we may not have had access to the countryside this would have made it hard for outdoor education to take place. As access would be restricted and wandering off paths wouldnt be allowed, exit to a crag to ascent wouldnt be allowe d, setting up a tent wouldnt be allowed, mountain biking wouldnt be allowed (off paths), the list goes on, but if not for the 400 500 trespassers we may not have had as umpteen opportunities as we do today.The main influence the mass trespass had on the outdoor education world was access which provides opportunities and gave people something cheap to do in their leisure time. It also increased media which increased knowledge. It reduced fear as with the legislation in place people can wander off paths and not be chased off the land. 1907 Robert Baden started the scouts and 2009 Bear Grylls becomes chief scout Robert Badens many experiences as a boy and as a soldier played a great part in him starting the scouting movement.When he was a boy he spent his holidays camping, hiking and sailing, Robert also used to sneak off into the woods during school and there he conditioned how to hide his tracks, climb trees and freeze to escape attention if any of the school teachers entered th e woods. As a boy he also learnt skills such as how to pitch a tent, use a map and compass, and cook on a wood-fire. When Robert was in the British army, he taught his soldiers how to live in the wood.He taught them how to use maps and compasses, how to tell directions from the stars, and how to read tracks and rails signs. He called his soldiers Scouts. In 1900, Robert and his soldiers were defending a town during a war in South Africa. Robert taught the boys of the town to do important jobs the soldiers usually did. He learned that boys could be taught to do important things and do their best at it. All this led to him taking 20 teenage boys on 1st 9th August 1907 to Brownsea Island to camp, he taught them scouting.This then led to him writing a book in 1908, a book called Scouting for boys, from this he only intended to provide a mode of training boys which existing organisations could use, but to his surprise many boys grouped together and created their own scouts groups. And by 1909, there were 11,000 Boy Scouts. Scouting spread from Britain America, and all over the world. Thanks to Lord Robert Baden-Powell, there argon now millions of people joined together in the worldwide community of Scouting. The war in 1914 could have caused the discover of the scouts, but the training provided proved its worth.When adult leaders volunteered for active service patrol leaders took over. Scouts contributed to the war effort in many modal values including the ocean Scouts who took the place of regular coast-guardsmen, which freed them for service afloat. On 17th May 2009 Bear Grylls became chief scout becoming the youngest ever chief scout Bear says this is his proudest post, rest up for young people from so many different cultures and countries, helping them realize their dreams, explore the world, help in crisis countries, and benefit from being part of a worldwide family.It is all about encouraging life values, outdoor skills and a sense of pride, belonging an d camaraderie through adventure. His website states Bear Grylls is a worldwide motion picture for the great outdoors and the ultimate in adventure. And Bear Grylls has become known around the world as one of the most recognized faces of survival and outdoor adventure. Because he is in the media and on TV a lot he is a celebrity role model that can impact people on wanting to join the scouts and gain knowledge.If Robert hadnt set up the scouts then 1- Bear wouldnt be scout leader and may not have had as much impact on people that he does, and 2- many people wouldnt have joined and learned about the outdoors and many wouldnt have an interest in outdoor adventure. 1990s The 7 Stanes set up The 7stanes are seven mountain biking sites in the south of Scotland. It is a partnership project which was started in 2001 and recently finished its third phase (2011).They are set on Forestry Commission land and they are seen as the way by which further trails in the UK should be developed. Th ey are known as the 7stanes because each venue features a stane (Scottish name for stone) along each of the forest trails. The 7stanes are set in * Forest of Ae * Dalbeattie * Glentrool * Kirroughtree, near Newton Stewart * Mabie * Newcastleton * Tweed Valley Glentress and Innerleithen The trails on each site are different, and are set different difficulties by Trail Grades which are * Green Easy (relatively flat suitable for beginners) Blue Moderate (may be single-track and include minor obstacles suitable for cyclists with basic off-road skills) * Red tight (mostly single-track, many obstacles suitable for proficient mountain bikers) * Black Severe (similar to red routes, with more obstacles and large challenging area suitable for expert riders only) * Bike Park (Orange)- Extreme (highly challenging, includes downhill sections and unavoidable jumps suitable for expert riders only) The Forestry Commission as established in 1919 and is responsible for forestry in Great Britain . Its mission is to protect and exaggerate Britains forests and woodlands and increase their value to society and the environment. In October 2010, the Government introduced the Public Bodies Bill, which would have enabled the Secretary of State to sell or lease public forests in England. This could have ment that the land was sold and possibly changed but an online petition was set up opposing the sale and it received more than 537,000 people signed it.Then in February 2011, after a campaign of protest by groups like the Ramblers and Hands off our Forest, the government announced it had abandoned its plans and would remove the forestry clauses from the Public Bodies Bill. Also an single-handed panel was set up to advice on the future directions of forestry policies, and on the role of the Forestry Commission.If the 7 stains werent there many outdoor centers in the south Scotland would not have the opportunity to take their groups mountain biking, also many shops may not sell as much mountain bike equipment and this would effect the increase in new and better equipment. So because the 7 Stanes is there is an increased availability, and accessibility. Also the advertising has increased knowledge and interest in mountain biking. Bibliography http//www. beargrylls. com http//www. scout. org http//www. kindertrespass. com/ http//www. forestry. gov. uk http//7stanesmountainbiking. com

Coffee Trends in Singapore Essay

In 2011, the total volume growth of coffee was 5%, which was a similar trend as in 2010 due to the continuous grueling economic growth in Singapore. Due to the high density of on-trade channels including chained local coffee shops such as Ya Kun Kaya Toast and Old townspeople White Coffee and chained Western-style specialised coffee shops such as Starbucks and Gloria Jeans Coffee, coffee drinking culture has penetrated into the Singaporean market. The manufacturers have besides launched high-quality products in the off-trade channel. Hence, consumers are seeking to have the authentic high-quality brewed coffee at home.COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPENestl Singapore Pte Ltd continued to post the leading position in terms of off-trade value sales with a 40% value share. This success could be attributed to its constant research and development as well as the patronage promotional campaigns due to the companies economic scale, which can keep attracting the consumers. Due to the companies global strong presence, the company develops not only instant coffee products but withal enhances the fresh coffee category by introducing the coffee machines and fresh coffee pods such as Nespresso and Nescaf Dolce Gusto. PROSPECTSTotal volume of coffee is expected to development by 2% CAGR over the foreacst period. Considering the review period, this growth is slightly conservative, which reflects the current uncertain global economic condition. Although local consumers are becoming more tight and have more disposable income, their consumption patterns are likely to follow the economic outlook in Singapore, which will reflect, in particular, the growth in on-trade volume.

Murabaha Essay

Bai-Murabaha may be defined as a contract between a Buyer and a Seller under which the Seller sells certain specific goods permissible under Islamic Shariah and the Law of the land to the Buyer at a be plus agreed make headway payable in hard currency or on whatsoever fixed future date in lump sum or by instalments. The profit marked-up may be fixed in lump sum or in lot of the cost hurt of the goods.In respect of dealing parties Bai-Murabaha may be of two types. 2. 01Ordinary Bai-Murabaha If there are only two parties, the seller and the buyer, where the seller as an ordinary trader purchases the goods from the market without depending on any order and promise to buy the same from him and sells those to a buyer for cost plus profit, then the exchange is called Ordinary Bai-Murabaha. 2. 02Bai-Murabaha on Order and PromiseIf there are three parties, the buyer, the seller and the blaspheme as an intermediary trader between the buyer and the seller, where the till upon receipt of order from the buyer with specification and a prior outstanding promise to buy the goods from the strand, purchases the ordered goods and sells those to the ordering buyer at a cost plus agreed profit, the sales event is called Bai-Murabaha on Order or Promise, generally known as Murabaha.This Murabaha upon order and promise is generally used by the Islami Banks, which undertake the purchase of commodities according to the specification requested by the nodes and sale on Bai-Murabaha to the one who ordered for the goods and promised to buy those for its cost price plus a marked-up profit agreed upon previously by the two parties, the Bank and the leaf node. In this Bank, Bai-Murabaha is treated as a contract between the Bank and the lymph node under which the Bank purchases the specified goods as per order and specification of the Client and sells those to the ordering Client at a cost plus agreed upon profit payable within a fixed future date in lump sum or by fixed instalm ents.Thus it is a sale of goods on profit by which ownership of the goods is transferred by the Bank to the Client but the payment of the sale price (cost plus profit) by the Client is deferred for a fixed period. It may be noted here that, in case of Bai-Muajjal and Bai-Murabaha, Islamic Bank is a financier to the Client not in the sand that the Bank finances the purchase of goods by the Client, rather it is a financier by deferring the receipt of sale price of the goods sold by the Bank to the Client.If the Bank does not purchase the goods or does not make any purchase agreement with seller, but only makes payment of any goods directly purchased and received by the Client from the seller under Bai-Muajjal/Bai-Murabaha Agreement, that will be a remittance of the amount on behalf of the Client, which shall be nothing but a loan to him and any profit on this amount shall be nothing but Interest (Riba).Therefore, purchase of goods by the Bank should be for and on behalf of the Bank a nd the payment of price of goods by the Bank must be made for and on behalf of the Bank. If in any way the payment of price of goods is turned into a payment for and on behalf of the Client or it is paid to the Client any profit on it will be Riba.It is permissible for the Client to offer an order to purchase by the Bank particular goods deciding its specification and committing himself to buy the same from the Bank on Murabaha, i. . cost plus agreed upon profit. 3. 02It is permissible to make the promise ski binding upon the Client to purchase from the Bank, that is, he is to either satisfy the promise or to indemnify the damages caused by breaking the promise without excuse. 3. 03It is permissible to take cash/collateral security to guarantee the implementation of the promise or to indemnify the damages. 3. 04It is also permissible to document the debt resulting from Bai-Murabaha by a Guarantor, or a mortgage, or both like any other debt.Mortgage/ Guarantee/ Cash Security may be obtained prior to the signing of the Agreement or at the time of signing the Agreement. 3. 05Stock and availability of goods is a basic condition for signing a Bai-Murabaha Agreement. Therefore, the Bank must purchase the goods as per specification of the Client to flummox ownership of the same before signing the Bai-Murabaha agreement with the Client.After purchase of goods the Bank must bear the risk of goods until those are actually sold and delivered to the Client, i. e. aft(prenominal) purchase of the goods by the Bank and before selling of those on Bai-Murabaha to the Client buyer, the Bank shall bear the consequences of any damages or defects, unless there is an agreement with the Client releasing the Bank of the defects, that means, if the goods are damaged, Bank is liable, if the goods are defective, (a defect that is not included in the release) the Bank bears the responsibility.The Bank must deliver the specified Goods to the Client on specified date and at specified pl ace of delivery as per Contract. 3. 8The Bank shall sell the goods at a higher price (Cost + Profit) to put on profit.The cost of goods sold and profit mark-up therewith shall separately and clearly be mentioned in the Bai-Murabaha Agreement. The profit mark-up may be mentioned in lump sum or in percentage of the purchase/cost price of the goods. But, under no circumstances, the percentage of the profit shall have any relation with time or show in relation with time, such as per month, per annum etc. 3. 09The price once fixed as per agreement and deferred cannot be further increased. 3. 0It is permissible for the Bank to crystallize any third party to buy and receive the goods on Banks behalf. The authorisation must be in a separate contract. implore potential Client to open an Al-Wadia Current Account. Let him maintain the Current Account satisfactorily for a reasonable period. (This will generally mean sextet months). 4. 02Hold preliminary discussion with the prospective Clien t regarding his Investment needs and business experience. 4. 03Brief him on the salient features of Bai-Murabaha Mode of Investment.Apprise, in particular, the usual terms and conditions under which the Bank makes such Investment. 4. 04Look to the past performance of the Client. Check-up Head Office Current Investment Policy and Branchs track record of Bai-Murabaha Investment of the item(s). 4. 05If the Proposal is ground suitable, advise the Client to submit formal Application (F-167A -as per specimen at page 34). If not found suitable, regret politely.

Relative Density Essay

AbstractThe experiment about relative stringency is composed of three different activities. The root activity is about the Displacement Method for alloy, the second activity is about getting the density of a bone and the third activity is about fastness versus Diet Soft Drinks.1. IntroductionRelative density is the ratio of the density (mass per unit volume) of a substance to the density of a given reference material. The surmisal or the principle that we apply for the experiment is the Archimides Principle which states that any fluid a buoyant force to an object that is partially or completely immersed in it the magnitude of the buoyant force equals the weight of the fluid that the object displaces. In the experiment we used different formulas. For activity 1 (g) mass of the substance which is Aluminum, (cc) sign level of water, (g/cc) for the experimental value, magnitude of buoyant force pic= Wfluid which is weight of displaced fluid. For activity 2 we used formulas for gett ing the relative density of the bone.For experiment 3 we used formulas like2. TheoryActivity 1 Displacement Method for AlloyThe Aluminum measuring rod was weighed and its mass was recorded. Some water was placed into a gradational cylinder and the initial water level was recorded. The Aluminum bar was placed inside the cylinder and the new water level was recorded. The volume of the Aluminum bar was computed by subtracting the initial water level from the resulting water level. The density of the Aluminum bar was computed by dividing its mass by its volume. The calculated density was compared to the standard density (2.7 g/cc) and the % error was taken.Activity 2 Density of a BoneA piece of bone was weighed in air and in water, each discipline was recorded as the weight of the bone in air and weight of the bone in water The Relative Density of the bone was then computed by victimization the formula given. The density of the bone was then computed by multiplying the Relative densit y of the bone to the density of the water. The status of the bone was identified by referring to the WHO s definition of the diseases a bone can have relative to its own density.Activity 3 Regular versus Diet Soft DrinksThe weight of an empty pycnometer, the pycnometer fill up with water, pycnometer filled with regular coke, pycnometer filled with coke light, and pycnometer filled with coke zero. The relative density of regular coke, coke light, ad coke zero was computed by using the formulas given.4. Results and DiscussionTable 1 show the results from activity 1, table 2 for activity 2 in activity the finding is that the bone has osteopenia it is or suffering bone mass because the density of the bone is within 1.0 to 2.5 and table 3 for activity 3.

Dante, Plato, Aristotle Essay

The assignment is poetry v. philosophy. Plato speaks of a quarrel b/t poetry and philosophy. He dismisses the arts while Aristotle defends them. DO we see traces of this quarrel in later traditions? If so, where? And how is it played out there? For this essay, in addition to Plato and Aristotle, focus on Dantes Inferno. (Please look to see if my thesis is clear and strong, my evidence is entirely relevant, and whether this whole essay persuades you) Throughout his life, Plato strongly believed that the arts and philosophy directly opposed each other.On the other hand, Aristotle defended poetry as an aid to philosophy. Dante, a philosophical poet, successfully synthesizes Plato and Aristotles views in the Divine Comedy of the Inferno without compromising either school of thought. He acknowledges the fact that while the arts shit its uses within the material world and philosophy its uses in the spiritual, both need the other to be complete. Both Plato and Aristotle agree that poetry brings about great sensation which has a lasting impact on the individual and society. However, they disagree on poetrys delirious effects.In Meno, Plato believes it results in harm while Aristotle argues that it leads to betterment in Poetics. Upon closer inspection, we see that Dantes Inferno contains a philosophical significance underlying its poetic style. Poetry and philosophy work towards the same end, solely in different shipway. There is no doubt that poetry is an imitation. What Aristotle and Plato dispute over is the source of that imitation. Plato strongly states that the arts atomic number 18 mimetic, twice removed from the truth. They ar an imitation of the ideal entities in the realm of the forms, in which each(prenominal) things argon perfect.For instance, disaster presents multiple possibilities and situations rather than a single essence. In Meno, Platos Socrates discusses the deflexion between doxa and episteme. Poets, politicians and priests utilize doxa, a type of knowledge that is not mediated through any intellectual reasoning. This further demonstrates the composition of the material realm. Right opinion, or doxa, flees from the wit just as the materialistic body quickly perishes. Socrates says opinion is not worth much until it is fastened with reasoning of cause and effect (Plato 65). He is alluding to episteme, true knowledge that remains in the brain.This is accomplished through intellectual inquiry in the ideal realm. Throughout the dialogue, Menon insults Socrates by saying he looks ilk a stingray, alluding to a type of numbing-drug. However, Menon proves to have false knowledge as Socrates shows how anamnesis occurs via the Socratic Method. Only when he experiences aporia, the state of confusion and realization of mavens ignorance, can he reach true knowledge. The reference to the drug, pharmakon, symbolizes how Menon became numb to the false, material world in order to modulation to the divine realm where all things or iginate.While Plato asserts that imitation comes from the true essence of things, Aristotle believes it has its roots in human action. In Poetics, he examines how humans have an instinct for imitation, harmony and rhythm. We often mark off our earliest lessons from mimesis. Aristotle asserts that the only way to reach the ideal is through action. He views it as a horizontal developmental rather than a vertical integrity, as Plato did. By the process of energia, we move from potential to actuality. This is also analogous to the concept of the material to the ideal. We come out of the cave and into the sun through our own activities.As the arts best represent action, tragedy contains knowledge because it presents psychological possibilities and universal truths about ourselves. Each possible reality may be the ideal essence. Tragedy, after all, is an imitation of action and of life, not men. The stage externalizes whats within our souls. The actors play out the meaning of life which the audience can safely inspect without endangering themselves. This spatial relation is extremely human-centric compargond to Platos divine ideal. For instance, tragedy contains plot that is action-centric and based on the structure of incidents.Unlike a story, a plots events can be resequenced in any fashion. This is like an experiment in which the stage is our lab. A plot can furthermore be split in two ways complex or simple. A complex plot contains peripeteia and anagnorisis. The latter, similar to Platos Meno, shows the progression from ignorance to knowledge. Yet the characters on stage, even after making decisions, atomic number 18 still susceptible to Fortunes leave. Thus peripeteia occurs, alluding to God and the divine realm we ultimately reach with the aid of anagnorisis. There are somewhat things people cant control.However, what we do imitate and control are our actions within the material world. For Aristotle, action was the most significant aim to focus on. In Dantes Inferno, the poet Virgil guides Dante into Hell. Poetry begins to act as a gentler remedy compared to philosophy. It is more relatable to the human mind and physical world. Through catharsis, Dante must eliminate all emotional tumult to become enlightened. This process of catharsis is similar to the movement from the material to spiritual realm. Paradiso, the highest realm, is where true intellect exists and where we become one with God.In the second canto, Dante demonstrates the sine of emotions and the materialistic realm when Virgil tells him Your soul has been assailed by cowardice, which often weighs so heavily on a man- distracting him from honorable trails- as phantoms frighten beasts when shadows fall. (lines 45-48) This is an extremely Platonian perspective. Partially right, Plato believed that tragedy produced cowardly leaders as it appealed to passion rather than logic and reason. Through Virgil, Dante demonstrates how the arts, especially poetry, are effective in saucysing the soul of emotion by experiencing or contemplating it.Much like the Socratic Method in Meno, Dante must become numb to false knowledge via catharsis and begin with a clean slate. He accomplishes this by observing the damned in the orchestra pit. When he passes through aporia, only then will he become enlightened and obtain truth. The shadows are a reference to Augustines visio corporals, the cave of pure materiality, in which false knowledge resides. Dante says in canto one that man must come out of the funny forest (line 2) where he is so full of sleep (line 11).All this is accomplished through human action, represented through tragedy and poetry. Furthermore, Virgil symbolizes the coming emergence of Christian Rome through Dante. He has already taken Aeneas to the Underworld, setting up the entire story. Parallel to this, poetry lays the necessary knowledgeableness for the coming age of philosophy. Dante uses typology of the inferno to paradiso. Like the Hebrew Bi ble, the inferno remains incomplete and foreshadows whats to come. The New Testament completes the text, in the same way philosophy does to poetry. Each is interdependent on the other.In the Inferno, Dante fails to read the inscription to the Gateway to Hell, demonstrating how the archaic style of backgrounding no longer resounds in the new age of foregrounding. This method brings to light how the mind reads and interprets with reason. Because the material realm is incomplete, Dante cannot move to this abstract, spiritual meaning without first going through the forest. In the third canto, Virgil describes to Dante how those in hell have lost the upright of the intellect (line 18). The mind can never be fulfilled as it is a pure sensory experience.This is proven when Virgil is only able to guide Dante so far. He cannot take Dante beyond the material realm because he is not a Christian. He represents the arts, the non-metaphysical. A higher entity, Beatrice, will lead him to paradiso . Virgil declares in canto one If you would then ascend as high as these / a soul more worthy than I am will guide you (lines 121-122). Likewise, we can conjecture of poetry, represented by Virgil, as a disguise to philosophy, the eventual remedy of Beatrice. While philosophy speaks of a thing itself, poetry uses metaphors as a transition to reach a philosophical conclusion.It is a vehicle for truth in its own peculiar way, addressing our minds through imagination, sensibility and feelings. Dante can synthesize Plato and Aristotles views because they are working toward one common goal the divine, the cave of pure intellect. The mechanisms of philosophy are simply a more sophisticated turn on poetry. Traces of Plato are still seen in Dante, especially when he states in the fifth canto Those who undergo this torment are damned because they sinned subjecting reason to the rule of lust (lines 37-39).However, in tragedy, what seems blind and absurd to the audience becomes permeated wit h reason as it speaks the universal truth about ourselves. The arts show there is something beyond human thought and action as the audience learn how we cannot control everything. There is something beyond this human, materialistic world that we cannot begin to understand. This is God, which is exactly what philosophy aims at. It speaks the truth, not only of human action, but of the initiation of the ultimate good. In this way, poetry consists of rational thought and intellect.Virgil tells Dante in canto eight Forget your fear, no one can hinder our passage One so great has granted it (lines 104-105). We are turning inward to our souls to reach the divine. This also speaks of Gods infinite and unexplainable power. God makes the impossible possible. Dante had to go garbage down into the deepest level of hell to see the divine. This irony demonstrates catabasis and anagogy, the one single movement towards God. Furthermore, Cassius and Brutus foreshadow Judas betrayal. These three m ake up the material inversion of the Holy Trinity. We are able to see God in Lucifer.This demonstrates the typology from the inferno to paradiso as well as the process of recollection in Platos Meno and Aristotles Poetics. Just as Dante had to move through death to experience life, the reader must pass through poetry to obtain philosophy. All thinking about God involves pitiful from the material to the realm of the forms. The divine uses metaphors, our language, to help us understand. We are able to indirectly talk to God through poetry as He determines our fate. It was his will to send Dante into Hell. Like poetrys catharsis and philosophys pharmakon, Dante engages his mind as he journeys through the inferno.By looking and contemplating the suffering of the damned, he becomes reconciled to aspects of his life which would otherwise be nonsensical. Both the poet and philosopher seek the existence of God and of the metaphysical. Although Dante recognizes that the arts have limited uti lity, he realizes how poetry helps lay the foundation for philosophy through the Aristotelian and Platonian method. It has a cognitive function by helping to better appreciate and complete philosophy. As Venantius Fortunatus wrote in his hymn Vexilla Regis, by death did life procure. Likewise, by poetry did philosophy come about.

Pans Labyrinth Analysis

Visual Cues, Harassed Symbolism and the Grim Fantasy unlike other blissfully enchanted film genres, this evocative fairytale becomes a surreal escape into the work of Guillermo Del Toro. This chilling story confines make conceive verses reality through the eyes of a new-fashioned girl. Two worlds are represented within Pans Labyrinth, a cold hard fascist regime in Spain, and a captivating fantasyland both conveyed through visual story telling.The striking surrealism of the fantasy world becomes reflections in reality, providing small visual cues that summation as the story unfolds, unveiling a grim interaction between Ophelia and the new world she has encountered. The look becomes the narrative within the film, and the use of mise-en-scene assists the films explicit meaning, by providing connections between the merging worlds. Del Toro uses standard and non-standard approaches in film, which speaks to the audience either intentionally or through the sub conscious, so the contra st of reality and imagination is rendered.The style throughout Pans Labyrinth is essential for creating dramatic dynamic throughout the film the attention to detail becomes a fierce component to mise-en-scene, and harasses symbolism. In the beginning of the scene, Ofelia walks toward the camera in pursuit of the little creature she seen during her travels. The facial expression is bewildering, however she wants to instruct to a greater extent than. The aspiration to study new ideas can be seen physically while she seizes onto her books, meanwhile helpers unload her other items. The grasp on her books becomes the distinguisher between make believe and reality.As Ofelia moves towards the camera, she drops her stack of books, implying that she has let go of her reality to pencil lead the small inquisitive creature. During this, men are walking around in uniform, emphasizing the strict, bleakness and harsh reality of Ofelias new circumstance. Men lined in a row suggest that this new place is in order, with routine that shall not be disturbed and certainly no place for a roving imagination. As Ofelia runs toward the forest, she is running towards her new destiny, juxtaposing her willingness to escape, fleeing her new reality.Upon her arrival into the forest, the labyrinth is introduced for the jump time. Dark shadows are casted among the rock representing the certain unknown that will be faced. The first pathway leading into the Labyrinth is brightly lit, as to appear welcoming and warming. The dissimilarity between the darkness of the gateway and the lightness of the path can be inferred as a certain warning, some danger will be introduced before the underworld can be reached. As Ofelia walks towards the entrance, taking small, slow steps, the feel becomes an automatic switch from reality to fantasy, and a sense of falling down the rabbit hole arises.The entrance into the Labyrinth appears untouched, with moss and shrubs growing over the walls, a build contr ast from the cruel sadistic community ran by the Captain. The walls appear to be weathered and diminishing in time, the time it has taken to find the lost princess. The field pansy of the space develops into a piece of tranquility from the outside world paired with an illusion of hope for Ofelia, a new escape she will soon learn of. Throughout Pans Labyrinth, shallow color is used with a lot of grey and neutral tones casted in the real world, compared to the rich feast of colour in in the underworld.During this sequence however, the two worlds have not yet been distinguished, so the color differentiation is subtle, warm colors are used that provide a sense of comfort. Dark shadows are casted among the walls making the unknown prevalent to the viewer, directing our eye down the dark path that leads further into the Labyrinth. These colors suggest a belonging for Ophelia, a place where she is wanted back. This feeling never goes away for Ofelia, she engages in different levels to ge t a chance at her new spirit in the fantasy world.Becoming homesick for a place she has never been or remembers. The clothing plays a role in sustaining the mise-en-scene in this film. Ofelia is dressed in gentle clothing along with her mother. Fabricating the lifestyle from which they came from, and a disparity that is latched onto them when being brought to this new home. They instantly become the outsiders from the beginning, largely recognized during the panning shot of the camp while Ofelia becomes more intrigued by the fairies return. Tight, uniformed men lined up in a row contrasted against a young curious, dowdy girl.The style of clothing not moreover distinguishes the alliance between the newcomers, Ofelia and her Mother, to the military camp, but also positions an extra connection between Ofelia and Mercedes. As Mercedes arrives to explain the Labyrinth to Ofelia, her clothes are ordinary and shadowy much like that of Ofelia. The dissimilar impression that Mercedes ha s from the camp appeals to Ofelia, and a relationship is bonded. The clothing becomes a staple into the closeness that these two characters will later share.This relationship is not only choice of style, rather the desire for an escape. When the solider comes up and asks for Mercedes, despair reaches across her face as she turns around, placing Ofelia in the background of the shot, but quickly the young girl reaches back up to Mercedes, sustaining their relationship has began. Trust has started to build when Ofelia explains the relationship or lack of one with the Captain, as Mercedes wraps her arm around Ofelia, completing the protection of their relationship.These small visual cues help the viewer establish ideas, which the Story may soon lead into. Becoming aware of these chosen elements can help viewers foresee story components. Mise-en- scene formulates the style as a form of story telling. Guillermo Del Toro approach is surreal and provides a lot of stylistic choice in compel ling this masterfully crafted fairytale. Pans Labyrinth becomes less about the explicit meaning yet rather the implied visual indicators leads the viewer to reflect more about the significance then the story.

Baderman Island Family Vacations Essay

Baderman Island Family Vacations Advertising, Creative, and Media Strategies Advertising not only whole kit but is often unmatched in its capacity to reach major audiences, build brand awareness and personality, as well as stimulate curiosity and desire. But, much than ever, companies today in this very competitive environment penury the indemnify seminal messages and media choices in an effort to break through the noise in tack to dismount noticed, and therefore, remembered.This paper leave outline Baderman Islands Family Vacations advertising plan, just expanding on creative decisions and effective media strategies in an effort to increase market share. Baderman Island Family Vacations Analysis Family getaways are one of the top reasons that lymph nodes stay at Baderman Island, heedless of whether the stay is a seven day excursion or a weekend family reunion.With so more activities to choose from such as boat rentals, water skiing, snorkeling, scuba diving, tennis, go lf, five secluded beaches, Oasis Spa, and purport touring there is truly something for everyone in the family to enjoy, not to mention whole(prenominal) the activities on the island are appropriate for visitors of all ages. The more unique selling points of Baderman Island Family Vacations consist of the island world self contained, all-inclusive, hosting an array of restaurants, three different hotels, and countless activities to entertain and relax all guests.Currently, the marketing situation consists of a website that is an excellent tool for attracting guests and showing them all the perks of the island through pictures and blogs. The blog is a new advancement to the website, but should prove to attract positively more guests through the testimonials of previous visitors. Target Audience The keister audience for Baderman Island is the typical family vacationers who are looking for a fix that cracks a variety of activities without having to leave the premises. These fam ilies ordain consist of parents with at least one child.The channelise family go away be the family who consists of two adults within the household with at least 2-3 children to help maximize profits. solely races, ethnicities and cultures are welcome. The target market go away be an adult who enjoy warm weather vacations with family, disbursal forest date with each new(prenominal) enjoying activities and who have a love for the beach and fine art. The target audience give also consist of consumers who fall within the lower to middle class and supra demographics searching for a family destination that does not require leaving the United States (U.S. ).Not all families bottom afford the cost of securing passports and expensive air travel to the Caribbean. Creative Strategies A creative dodging is authorised to the overall execution of an advertising campaign. Team C will use a positioning draw near as its creative strategy. In this approach Baderman Island will be clear ly defined as the deed one all inclusive destination for family travel. Brand understand approach will also be incorporated into the strategy. This will help consumers cor consort the Baderman Island brand as a top notch, high quality destination.This approach will be accomplish by using an easy to remember slogan, such as Baderman Island Family Vacations, the Finest Place to Reconnect, as well as further using the ever popular slogan, Relax, Enjoy, Indulge. Increased tenseness will be placed on marketing the concept that Baderman Island is a unique destination specializing in family activities. This will enable Baderman Island to distinguish themselves from other competitive holiday resorts in the marketplace.All creative advertisement associated with the resort will be colorful and eye catching it will feature pictures that depict happy families holiday and spending time together, further providing a visual of what family vacationing could be for the potential customer. On receiving set floating policy sound bites will be used of customer testimonials of how happy they were when they vacationed on the island. TV ads will also depict families enjoying themselves on the beach, playing golf, in the spa, visiting the museums and art galleries, and participating in the many sports activities offered on the island.The television ads will also highlight the many pricing plans and payment options where applicable. Positioning assertion Baderman Islands positioning concept will explain that Baderman Island Family Vacations is for vacationers with families who are anticipateing a luxury resort realise to reenergize from their busy lives and reconnect with family and friends, and that Baderman Island Family Resorts is one of the virtually luxurious destinations in the world.The island offers four star accommodations that highlight a world-class spa featuring a full range of treatments designed around the resorts infixed springs, sophisticated purpose-design ed meeting facilities, and an assortment of other amenities all delivered with a high level of individualize service (University of Phoenix, 2008). All of this is made available on this self-contained, all-inclusive resort island that is surrounded by the beauteous Kelsey River. Golfing, fishing, spa facilities, museum excursions and a beautiful beach are all available to vacationers of this island.Message Platform Badermans message platform is to develop Badermans brand and when potential guest see the logo, they will depict the beautiful crystal clear waters, which symbolizes peacefulness as well as relaxation. Presently, Baderman Island is expanding the brand on the 1,600 farming of land they own. 750 acres are operational. See map below. (University of Phoenix, 2008). In an effort to increase brand perception Baderman Island will rely heavily on word-of-mouth marketing. The expectation will be that satisfied guest will continuously sell the brand for the resort while Baderm an Island addresss to make capital improvements.Once the Baderman Islands guest vacation experience is over and they leave, the hope is that they will tell their friends astir(predicate) the wonderful experience during their stay. Word-of-mouth advertising is one of the most effective advertising vehicles when feedback is 100% positive. Baderman Island will strive to be the number one vacationing spot. Baderman Island will be well known for the following attributes Owning an island, which exclusively promotes their brand, and having facilities that offer excellent customer service.Baderman Island makes a point of listening to guests who have enjoyed previous stays and will persist to develop innovative ideas that include customer feedback on how to improve future stays. Media Strategies and Objectives Print media is one of the most efficient ways to reach potential customers. For example, magazines are a medium that has a number of special-interest publications segments that toi let reach Baderman target audience (Wisconsin Department of Tourism, 2009). As a result, print ads, billboards, and brochures will be Baderman Islands priority media vehicles of choice.Baderman Island will also use a number of advertising campaigns which will run a variation of television commercials, all emphasizing family fun. An additional strategy that Baderman will use in redact to develop a relationship with potential guests is through the use of developing creative brochures which will assist with tantalising guest towards booking a vacation on Badermans Island property. After all, they are inquiring about Badermans vacationing experience, so brochures will bring Badermans Island Vacations upfront and personal to future guest.Guests will be able to look at full color ads while reading a wealth of information regarding services, pricing plans, recreation packages, spa schedules and a host of activities used to keep children occupied during the day. The documentary is to hav e future guest pick-up and carry brochures with them so they can view the material at their unfilled and share it with family and friends. Baderman will capitalize on the idea that the brochure is portable which gives the upper hand kinda then relying on guest to remember a 60 second commercial.Lastly, radio air time will also be explored as a media option. There are seven times as many radio stations as television stations in the U. S. (Wisconsin Department of Tourism, 2009) therefore this is a medium that Baderman will seek to explore with the assistance of a limited-service agency. Strategy RationaleThe rationale behind the creative strategies and campaign message is to ensure that Baderman Island Vacations stands out over the competition.Creating the easy to remember message of Baderman Island Family Vacations, the Finest Place to Reconnect, will capture the image of Balderman Island at its fullest. In addition, using vibrant colors within ads and real quite a little will not only be an eye catcher, but also illustrates the fun side of Balderman Island. victimisation photos of smiling and happy families doing fun activities together as part of advertisement features will say it all. Baderman Island will use similar stock photos in all advertisements.By placing the emphasis on family the brand image that Baderman Island will be known for will be something that both existing and potential customers will relate too. The resort will also seek to create a feeling of nostalgia where people who see the billboards, magazines, website, or hear radio advertisements will wish and want to experience what Baderman Island offers. An addition strategy will be to choose air time during busy traffic hours to advertise services. What better time to dream being somewhere else than when a person is stuck in a traffic jam.As a family resort, Baderman Island believes in getting and giving the best. As customers, Baderman personnel staff expects the best on both products an d services from providers, and it is only right that the resort gives the same respect, treatment and consideration to their customers. Baderman Island stands on the priority objective of treating customers just like family. corroboratory ResourcesAlthough many companies have opted towards using outside advertising agencies exclusively for assistance with creative ideas, Balderman Island prefers to do it themselves.Baderman Islands in-house creative teams provide a range of services depending on the resorts needs and are familiar with the resorts luxuriant history and many products and services. The in-house team is also better equipped to handle adhoc problems regarding advertisements within a seasonable manner. Keeping creative development in-house will provide the resort more control with lower risks of having trademarked confidential information leaking into the wrong hands, also keeping in mind that external agencies have other clients to assist.In addition to risk managemen t, in-house creative resources for creative support make it easier to coordinate and have a more personal touch with the service versus an outside agency. In addition to in-house support Baderman Island will seek advice from limited-services agencies which specializes in one aspect of creative process usually providing creative production work or the purchase of media space (Wisconsin Department of Tourism, 2008).A limited-services agency will be used in order to coordinate radio air time and in some instances magazine space. ConclusionAs stated earlier, Baderman Island Family Vacations is striving to continue to compete in a very competitive environment. With the consistent advertising message, Baderman Island Family Vacations, the Finest Place to Reconnect, Baderman will further expand on that message by building upon a media strategy that emphasis family, fun, relationships, and value.Therefore, a media strategy that focuses on awareness advertising, where the attempts to build B aderman Islands image and familiarity with the resort brand and excellent services will be their ticket towards marketing success. Baderman Island is confident that by using multi-media vehicles of print ads, billboards, brochures, television commercials, and radio spots their target audience will be effectively reached. Six months post campaign launch, Baderman will approximate their advertising effectiveness through monitoring and post-evaluation tools and re-evaluate their marketing plan accordingly based on results.

Existentialism and Humanistic Psychology Essay

Angst, in the very nature of its use in Existentialism, is a state of existence that is not completely negative in itself as common people aptitude think. In a more positive sense, I mean angst is the full recognition of is freedom. Angst is the result of ones realization that he is free and that nothing will ever hold him back. It becomes negative because once a soul pushs a deeper understanding of how free he is, he tends to terror that he might not be able to do things right and since nothing is holding him back, there is nothing to unsaved in case he fails.In short, angst is fear of the nothing (Park, 1999). It is contrasting from normal fear which comes from the surround and has an object and a possible solution. For example, I fear spiders so I stay a itinerary from shabby and old places. The object of the fear is spiders and the solution is to stay away from dusty and old places. In angst, the fear comes from within and there is basically neither object nor solution . There is only angst.And that is what makes angst a terrible state. I think it is very difficult to feel this way because it is like asking questions with no answers. And if ever I get into this terrible state, I think will do one thing convince myself to believe that there is nothing to fear and that I have my family who will accept me no matter what. Meanwhile, the unit of measurement concept of Humanistic Psychology (the American version of Existentialism, Ive read) interests me in a special way.The different theories of Rogers, Maslow, Csikszentmihalyi, among others that I learned from Chapter 13 gave me a step by step understanding into the inquiry of my existence. I cant conclude though that they all are right but certainly, they provide kindle thoughts worth pondering (especially Rogers 19 Propositions). The humanistic theories they present are different from the ones we learned in former chapters because they focus on the experiences of the human person rather than on th ings that are inherent or already existing such as biology, genes, or hidden motives.This means that since the theories of Humanists such as Rogers and Maslow focus on continuing experience of the person, they give a more positive approach knowing that these experiences that shape a person can vary depending on how he reacts to events. In a simpler way, while Bems theories bet to put forward Your mother has cancer so you will have cancer, too. Its in the blood humanists say Your mother has cancer. With the right attitude and lifestyle, you can prevent having cancer yourself. Humanists are a lot friendlier.I agree with these humanists, for the most part at least. I agree with the general thought of a persons experience shaping his personality. However, there is one thing I personally disagree ground on experience. Rogers said that this outcome fully functioning person could only occur for individuals who had received unconditional positive watch from the important people in thei r lives (Funder, 2007). I disagree with this because I know some people who, scorn suffering from neglect from the people they love, still feel good about themselves and have great personalities.On the other hand, I give my nod to Maslow when he said higher needs such as self-actualization could come to the fore only after more basic needs related to survival and security became satisfied (Funder, 2007). I personally believe self-fulfillment is a hierarchy and a continuing process. Thoughts on Punishment and Efficacy Theory Punishment is a useful technique of operant conditioning if it is use correctly, which it most never is (Funder, 2007). I am especially caught by the last phrase of the quote it almost never is. I think punishment is something that is very tricky.It is difficult to use in the appropriate way but if you get it right, bingo It is very effective. Whats ill-use with punishment is when one uses it in the wrong way. Self-Efficacy has always been my thing from the s tart, but I never realized it until I learned about it from our discussion. I have always been a positive thinker even amidst hard times. My working in Intel gives me overbold challenges every day and because of my belief that I can do all the demands of work, I accomplish them well. I live by the adage Believe in yourself because if you dont, nobody else will. With this, I get more confidence to push on higher.

How to Read a Book

The write, Joseph Brodsky, of this characterization taken from How to Read a Book from On Grief and Reason, presents the kiboshorser with an brain-teasertic belles-lettres dilemma that individuals face in determining what they should read. This dilemma questions how to manage all the literature material that is presented continuously and how to decide what one should read, as there is limited time of one existence.This passage has an educative, informative, and didactic tone to present this dilemma, as it tries to inform and teach the reader about the controversial enigma about literature, and presenting some solutions to the problem, however ending in the beginning. From the beginning of the first paragraph he presents 2 kinds of antithesis ideas. As the first sentence says, Since we are all moribund, and since reading books is time- devour, we must devise a establishment that allows us a semblance of economy. The first idea is that the task of reading is a time consuming one.The other idea is that as human being, we have limited time of existence, therefore limited time of reading. Here the author is presenting one part of the dilemma, of how to manage what to read, as there is limited time. For the author, in the end this management of reading, is only done because human want to learn, for this reason the need, as the author says, for concision, condensation spinal fusion for the work that brings human predicament, in all its diversity, into its sharpest possible focus in other words, the need for a shortcut. The author embraces an extended metaphor for the search of a shortcut, and marks it as some compass in the ocean of available printed matter. Nevertheless, Brodsky suggests that the role for the compass is played by literary criticism, by reviewers. The author goes on by explaining the trouble of the reviewers purposes.It says that the reviewer throne be someone that does non knows much and is not that smarter that ourselves, a hack, some one that has strong bias one certain subjects, or simply be influence by the publishing industry, or someone with a neat literary talent that go forth make the review even more appealing and interesting than the book itself. The author mentions one of the great literature influences, Jorge Luis Borges, supporting his point that at the end you may end up reading reviews preferably than the books themselves. Joseph Brodsky expands his metaphor of the compass in the third paragraph.He does this by interpreting the reader as a pariah adrift in a literary ocean, with pages and pages rustling in every direction, clinging to a cumulation whose ability to stay afloat you are not so sure of. The author then suggests an substitute(a) solution for this particular dilemma. He suggest that the reader could develop your own taste, to build your own compass, to familiarise yourself, as it were, with particular stars and constellations dim or bright besides always remote. However, he then establishes that this execute consumes a lot of time and concluding that at the end this is not a respectable idea.He then proposes another alternative solution, implying that is kind of similar than the first one, that to rely on a friends advice, and queue some affaire that is appealing. However, the author continues to find a downside by saying that it is a poor insurance, for the ocean of available literature swells and widens constantly. At the end of the passage the author has just come to the same question of what to do, and just leaves something to thing about. The passage end with rhetorical questions So where is ones terra firma, even it may be but an uninhabitable island? Where is our good man Friday, let alone a Cheetah? This conclusion of the passage can be interpreted that at the end there is no answer. Therefore at the end I think the author did not accomplish what was intended of providing a solution for the dilemma that individuals face in determining what they should read, as the author does not presents a clear and direst answer to the problem. Nevertheless, at the end the author, alludes to the castaway protagonist in Daniel Dafoes novel Robinson Cuisses man Friday and to the Tarzans chimpanzee companion Cheetah. Both of these allusions powerfully support the idea of a guidance, which this dilemma does not have to obtain the answer.

Learning Agreement Essay

In R Tours, I was assigned in the Inbound Department and I learned a lot from there. One of the grievous duties in the department is the inbound operation. The inbound operation consists of several tasks. First to create interesting and tenuous fling packages, then, promote them locally and internationally and finally handling them. We may receive request or booking by telephone, fax, letter or email from individuals, local and international concourses.Most of the time a normal booking will have information on the type of bit package chosen, the aloofness of stay, the number of people and additional services required such as a buffet effect up instead of an a la carte menu or providing the welcome drink in the airport instead of the hotel. Normally we reply by thanking the person or the foreign comp all considers and we allow in all the necessary information such as the detailed itinerary, the cost of the act and most alpha our confirmation for handling the tour. Then we will wait to get a confirmation from them before scratch to make all arrangements and preparations.The confirmation includes the involution and time of arrival, the flight number if they are arriving by airplane, name calling plus passport numbers of clients and the rooming list. It is only after receiving the confirmation that we begin to work on position and preparing the booking of hotels, restaurants, transportation vehicles, museum tickets and sometimes airlines tickets if they are intend to fly to the south of the country. We also, arrange the visas and prepare the buy the farm insurance. We assign people who are going to take care of the group such as tour leader, tour guide and driver.Then we prepare the reservation forms and we send them to our suppliers. The reservation form includes the services put across and the number of pax and sometimes more information according to the kind of supplier. In a cause of a hotel for example, the reservation form will include extra information such as the date of checking in and out, the number and what type of room and type of payment. Suppliers may be hotel, resort, motel, museum, restaurant, theme park, car rental, labour-coach comp both, a marina, a diving center or anything else.During peak season we have difficulties in getting the rightly accommodation or some other services that was mentioned in the tour package, in this kind of site we, must think of an alternative and inform the client about the changes and finally when both of us bear we proceed with the arrangement. The next task is to handle the group from the first day to the last day. The most important rule with the western group is being punctual because they are used to it and they do not care to wait for anything or anybody even from their own group. Make sure everything goes according to the itinerary timing.All the employees and suppliers involve must take this into consideration. In case of lateness they may complaint and even ask f or refund for that particular(a) service. All the time make sure that everything is ready in advance. For example, during the arrival day, the tour guide and the motor coach must be present at the airport at least one hr before the plane lands and provide the tour guide with a small board having the name of the group to make it easier for the group to find him. We need to monitor the group every single day and check in touch with the tour leader.All the international groups have their tour leader and building an delicate communication or relation with him or her is really important because the tour leader is the one in charge of the entire group and he or she plays a very important role to find that the tour is conducted as planned. Carrying daily briefing with him or her helps to find out what happened the day before and if any change has to be done for the next day. In the department we need to carry meetings to resolve any kind of problem during the tour. I learned to build strong relation with our suppliers to minimize the problem and complications.In the beginning I was facing umpteen problems of getting what I wanted and it used to take age of negotiation before getting it. I realized that certain suppliers such as five star hotels or dine dining restaurants were not responding positively to our request because they were preferring to deal directly with the customers or with reputed tour operator company. According to their opinion, we were not qualified or capable of bringing much lineage and I was really disappointed by their discrimination and behavior but my personal and communication skills helped me to accomplish some(prenominal) I wanted from them.It is sad to realize that they are used to work this way, they dont intimately collaborate with small companies and I needed to win their trust. Finally they decided to really do business with me and everything was functional smoothly after that. I think and believe that these hotels or any other suppliers should cooperate and build a better relationship with the small tour operators in order to benefit from separately other. I definitely agree that we were not in the same level as those large tour operators such as Z Tours but we proved to these hotels income as well.However, I was pleased that after many months of hard work, we were able to increase the number of bookings with them month after month. During my time spent in R Tours, I learned to better understand the procedure of handling tour packages. Now I am more confident of myself and well prepared due to all the experience that I had acquired while working there. I would like to conclude by saying that inbound operation is about using your capabilities, laborious your strength in all the different tasks involves and be able to solve any problem fortuity during the tour by relating to your learning experience at the work place.

European Union as an international organization Essay

The European junction rear endnot be an outside(a) organization and it is not a domestic political system. It is a refreshful and unique trend in rateance, which transcends the nation demesne structure. In the EU the nation state governments be drifting away from twain(prenominal) sub content and supranational systems. This in turn raises questions about the EUs capacity to govern and its democratic legitimacy. The European sum is composed of democratic nations that aim to achieve peace and prosperity. It is not a nation state but an international organization with unique features (Europeans united in diversity).However, the events that took place in the period from 1960 to 1970 changed the thinking of federalism by the people. The then cut president, Charles de Gaulle was very much interested in nation state structure in the Europe. However, he rejected the federalist system. Subsequently, the European Council was created in order to take up the matters of the Union with administrative powers. Thus there is no centralized power in the European Union and it was distributed between the primary entities, which do not fall within parliamentary control (Europeans united in diversity).The significant characteristic of the EU is that the decisions taken at the European level are ratified by its fragment States in order to establish EU level putting surface institutions, by dusking their sovereignty on certain(a) specific issues. There is unity in diversity in Europe where there persists a multitude of different traditions and languages. Respecting these shared values, the EU promotes cooperation among the people of Europe and it protects the interests of the individual citizens of Europe.While respecting the sentiments of European citizens, the EU promotes cooperation with external nations without comprising its solidarity and in a spirit of tolerance (Europeans united in diversity). The European Union is a distinct entity. It is not a federation handle the United States. Moreover, it is not a simple line of structure as it entails inter governmental coordination and cooperation. The European Union is composed of a number of Member States. These Member States have combined their individual sovereignty and adopted a system of shared governance, in order to achieve unity and international importance.Nevertheless, as it is noteworthy to mention, these Member States did not relinquish their national sovereignty (McCormick). Further, there is a delegation of powers by the agencies of the European Union, in areas of juncture interests, upon which the EU can impose its democratic authority for the benefit of Member States. Thus the European Union is to some outcome an intergovernmental organization and to some extent it is a supranational organization. The supranational aspects of the EU include economic insurance, mixer policy, immigration policy and education.The intergovernmental aspects comprises of mutual cooperation be tween the member states in order to formulate a vernacular unknown policy and security policy (McCormick). The intergovernmental organizations like the United Nations are in general conventional by several states in order to promote voluntary cooperation and coordination amongst them (McCormick). The Member States of such an organization keep back their independence and the decisions and agreements taken are not enforceable. The Member States of the European Union do not surrender their sovereignty to it.However, in the supranational organization, Member States are required to surrender their sovereignty in certain key areas to the governing body of the supranational organization (McCormick). Moreover, the Member States are also required to accompany with the decisions taken at the supranational level. The judicatures would initiate penal actions for violations by the member states. The European Union has both the characteristics of an intergovernmental organization and suprana tional government. An international organization is an entity which develops voluntary cooperation and coordination among its members (McCormick).Hence the European Union cannot be a truly typical international organization. The normal features and definition of an international organization is narrow in its scope. Therefore, the European Union cannot be compared to an ordinary international organization. The European Union is founded by an international treaty like any opposite international organization. However, it cannot be construed to be a proper international organization and a very close description is that it is not a state, nor a nation state but a characterization of sui generis (Vuorinen).The fundamental characteristic that differentiates the European Union from other international organizations is that it attempts to change the Member States. integration is the process that brings about the coalescing of state structures. The European Union has several structures comb ined together some of these structures represent the characteristics of a federal state while other structures resemble an international organization. In the process of evolution, the EU had gone beyond an association of states and became an economic and political union.However, the EU is not a federal state (Vuorinen). The emergence of the European Community was the result of federalist views. Its drafters were of the opinion that federalism would be the solution to the persistent problem of contend in Europe. Thus their main objective was to establish a federal state. These efforts resulted in the formulation of the European Coal and Steel Community in the course of instruction 1951, which created a common market for the coal and sword industries of that period.The objective of this institution was to combine the important and strategic resources of Europe. Subsequently in 1957 The Treaty of Rome complete the European Economic Community or EEC and the European Atomic Energy C ommission or Euratom (Vuorinen). The federalist creation of the Union was based upon the three important pillars of the EU, namely, the European Commission, the European Parliament and the European Court of Justice. These branches of the EU, which do not pertain to any single member state of the Union, aim to promote the common European policy.The federal structure could have operated with a sufficient degree of democracy (Vuorinen). The European Union has been described as an international organization and with the adoption of a constitution it can become a supranational organization in addition to an intergovernmental organization. The Maastricht Treaty of the year 1993 established two types of institutionalized cooperation in the European Community, the Common immaterial and Security indemnity or CFSP and cooperation on justice and international issues.Since, the existing system in respect of functioning of the EU involves the surrender of sovereignty by states to the EU in ce rtain areas and the dependence of the member states on intergovernmental cooperation in other areas, it can be describes as a hybrid system (European Union). Issues of international interests of the EU are regulated by the integration Ministry some of these issues overlay the cooperation of EU, Nordic legislation and cooperation with the United Nations agencies.Extension of such cooperation is frequent to the United Nations Refugee berth or the UNHCR, the Council of Europe, Intergovernmental Consultations or IGC and the International Organization for Migration or the IOM (The Ministry of Refugee, Immigration and Integration Affairs). Furthermore, the Ministry negotiates with many foreign nations on issues relating to repatriation agreements, other forms of practical cooperation as well as mutual exchange of information.The International Division of the Integration Ministry governs international cooperation and participates in meeting and makes the necessary preparations for meetin gs and discussions that involve other nations. This Division also prepares meetings in Denmark with visit to issues relating to asylum and immigration. It also makes the necessary preparations for EU casework in national procedure (The Ministry of Refugee, Immigration and Integration Affairs). The expiry and loss of a large number of human lives in the Second World War resulted in European integration, which was expected to put a stop to such killing and destruction.In the year 1950, Robert Schuman, the French Foreign Minister proposed the idea of European integration. The present European Union consists of tail fin institutions with specific goals. These are the European Parliament, which is elected by the citizens of the Member States the Council of the European Union, which represents the governments of the Member States the European Commission, which is the executive branch of the EU the European Court of Justice, which ensures compliance with the EU law by the Member States a nd the Court of Auditors, which controls and ensures efficient and legitimate management of the EU budget (The European Union).There are other important agencies, which support these five driving forces of the European Union. They are, the European Economic and Social Committee, which reflects the opinions of the civil hunting lodge on issues pertaining to economic and societal interests the Committee of the Regions, which is responsible for monetary policies and regulates the euro the European Ombudsman, which deals with the complaints of individuals in case of breach of law or unsuccessful person of proper administration by any EU institution or agency and the European enthronement Bank, which promotes the objectives of the EU by providing financial support to investment projects.In addition, there are several other institutions to facilitate the smooth functioning of the EU (The European Union). The functionality of the EU is based on the Treaties, which were ratified by the Member States. In the beginning there were only six nations in the EU and these were Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. In 1973 Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom became members of the European Union and subsequently, in 1981 Greece became a member. In the year 1986 Spain and Portugal and in the year 1995 Austria, Finland and Sweden joined the European Union.In the year 2004 the largest expansion of the European Union took place with ten new countries being permitted to become members of the European Union (The European Union). In the beginning, much attention was bestowed on providing cooperation in the areas of trade and economy. Subsequently, the EU became the guardian of the Member States and commenced to deal with a wide range of issues pertaining to all aspects of society and humans. The EU protects the rights of individuals, ensures freedom, security and justice, employment, regional development and environmental protection.For more than fi fty years the EU has been provide to the needs of its member states in respect of stability, peace and prosperity. It strived hard to enhance the standard of living of its citizens. It created a single European market, launched the euro or the single European currency and fortified the European Unions stance on the international platform (The European Union). The European Union plays an important role in the field of international trade. It provides advantageous norms for trade to a large number of developing countries.The EU withdraws the prejudiced business terms from a country that violates these norms, while dealing with any member state of the EU. Moreover, the EU is the largest single donor of humanitarian and development aid in the world. The financial aid supplied by the EU and its member states comprises sixty percent of the total aid to the world. The EU also provides assistance for reconstructing nations ravaged by war and its aid projects are significant in promoting pe ace among warring nations and in settling disputes. The foreign assistance programs of the EU are remarkable in respect of the benefits offered to refugees of war and famine.Economic integration in the EU has become a role model for many upcoming trade blocs, which have consequently, desire the support of the EU in their financial reforms. Thus, the EU is an economic giant and a superpower. As a matter of fact, the EU puzzle outs the economic activities and policies of most nations of the world and plays a key role in the world(prenominal) economy and occupies the first rank in this area (The Rationale for Studying the Outcomes of European Foreign form _or_ system of government Activity). In the international arena the EU had evolved as a superpower from its very inception.It underwent considerable modifications and posterior on it expanded itself by establishing common institutions and foreign policy requirements. In 1958, the Rome Treaty founded the European Community and est ablished a legal pedestal on which the EU forged ahead to influence international trade activities, foreign aid programs and diplomatic terms with countries that were not its members. In 1970, the European semipolitical Cooperation was established to facilitate governments to initiate dialogue and promote mutual cooperation with respect to foreign policy matters.In 1987, the Single European Act was developed. In 1993, the EU was institutionalized by the Treaty. The EU is supported by three pillars, the first is the European Community, the second is the New Common Foreign and Security policy and the triplet pillar is comprised of by the policies with regard to anticrime and police cooperation (The Rationale for Studying the Outcomes of European Foreign polity Activity). In 1998, the Treaty of Amsterdam had modified the Treaty of European Union.It brought about High Representation for the Common Foreign and Security Policy. The European Security and Defense Identity was supplanted by the European Security and Defense Policy in 1999. This change facilitated the EU to establish a rapid deployment force to maintain peace in the region. The Common Foreign and Security Policy is a set of objectives, procedures and devices formulated to encourage sophisticated joint actions and positions in foreign policy. The CFSP also formed the link between joint actions and civilian foreign policy of the EC.These developments transformed the EU into an international organization in the areas of commerce, trade, aid and diplomatic relations. Moreover, the European Foreign Policy addresses civilian actions, policies, relations, commitments and choices of the EU in international politics (The Rationale for Studying the Outcomes of European Foreign Policy Activity). The nature of the EFP controls the competence of the organs of the EU, so as to influence matters pertaining to international politics. As an international role player the EU enjoys a special status in international p olitics.However, there is still some head regarding the nature of the EU because it has no polity and because it is not a state or a filth with fixed borders. There are an array of tests that measure the end results of the foreign policy and decision do power of the EU. However the scope of the CFSP was not utilized to the fullest extent by the EU. The end results achieved through this puppet clearly establish the prominence and effective role of the EU as an international actor in international politics (The Rationale for Studying the Outcomes of European Foreign Policy Activity).